Traffic congestion continues to be the bane of many metropolitan areas and has exercised the minds of
experts for at least the last 60 years. With the advent of smart (intelligent) mobility, aligned with digital
disruption and future autonomous connected and collaborative transport, the question of whether we
have a new window of opportunity to tame congestion is now high on the list of possibilities. It is
however very unclear what the future will look like in respect of congestion on the roads, especially if
we rely on ‘smart’ technology and continue to reject reform of road user charging. This paper looks at
a number of themes as a way of highlighting possibilities and challenges.